I think that's generally a good understanding. Dealers don't always "mark up" a rate. In fact, it's very rare that I do. We get what is called a "flat rate" just for giving the bank your business. I assume most Volvo customers are educated with rates, so I feel it's in my interest to just give them the best rate I can and be satisfied with the smaller amount the bank gives us for that. Often the "buy rate" we get from a bank is lower than their lobby rate, meaning even if a customer is a member of that bank already, I can still often beat what they walk in the door with as their standard. But at the same time, dealers CAN mark up rates, and many with the lowest prices do by default. Give the car away and try to make every cent through he rest of the transaction. Some can navigate the whole thing, but others miss one step and that's where they make their money. They can sell for less based on taking advantage of some people.
Yes, some states do mandate doc fees to be equal to all. Government working for you there! Still, doc fees are not just a pure profit. I've said before, PA did an audit of dealerships in our state and determined the state avg cost of handling the documents was $389. So that's what they allow us to charge and thats what every dealer I know of charges. We actually did our own internal and found our cost was about $100 less, but we found that just put us at a $100 disadvantage in advertising with other Volvo stores in the state. My point here is, there are expenses with handling the paperwork. While in some industries you would expect that just to be part of the cost and reflected in a straight forward price (I'd support this!!!) it just isn't the way the auto industry is regulated. And the average internet shopping customer really does just ask about the price. It's very rare that a walk phone call or walk in customer asks about fees before they sit down. Now I lay the fees out when I show folks the numbers, but I know other places use 4 square and other old games... so it might not be shown until you "sign here" and happen to look up at the buyers order and see those fees and ask about em. I don't like this, but it's the competitive environment I live in.
And that's why I like a more straight forward approach. The shortest way to express the real cost is the best way to compare. A monthly payment, finance or lease, can't really hid fees, because they are reflected in there. Full itemization just gets you finding some places with better prices, others with better rates, and others with better fees... what the consumer cares about is best overall, and while you might feel better doing the math yourself, the equations you're making are going to be based on the monthly payment as their simplest term before calculating outright cost.
My interest is in the fact that I sell cars in a more conservative state. I know I lose business to places that advertise an artificially low price where they fees are taken out and they use every rebate in the book. I HATE how every manufacturer advertised lease payments on base models with thousands down. That's stupid. Further, it's not too uncommon to find artificially higher residual values or better money factors on such models to "get the conversation started". No one really wants a T4 XC40 Momentum with no options... but they lease better than a T5 R design by the money factor and residual. Volvo can afford to do that because on one will lease it, and it makes the XC40 look like it leases better than it does. And I'm quite sure you'll find such tricks across the board from car makers.
And last point... and you can get back to asking for discounts people got, I have no problem being higher priced than someone else. I do think I'm worth it, and I know our store is. But when it looks like I'm $5000 higher than another store, and when the real payments are compared and I'm maybe $500 or $1000 more, I think that's disingenuous marketing. Some of it is dealers faults, some of it is state laws all being different, but it's not in the consumers interest for the sale price to have so little meaning.